5 forms take
Reduplication
3rd
class Perfect an Aorist desiderative intensive
-----------------------------------------
·
first syllable budh percieve bu-budh
·
aspirated bhī fear bi-bhī -
dhā put da-dhā
·
gutterals gam go ja-gam -
khan dig ca-khan
·
2 consonants kram stride ca-kram
·
sibilant followed by hard cononant sthā stand
ta-sthā
skand
leap ca-skand - svaj
embrace sa-svaj -
smi smile si-ṣmi
·
if radical
vowel is long,
it is shortened
in the redup.
dā give da-dā -
rādh succeed ra-rādh
---------------------------------------------------------
3rd class
ṛ ṛṛ to
i --- bhṛ
bear bi-bharti -
pṛṛ fill piparti
----------------------------------------------------------------
Perfect
ṛ ṛṛ to
a ā --- kṛ ca-kṛ -
tṛṛ ta-tṛ
klp cā-klp - ṛ ār
initial a ā
to ā ---
an breath ān
initial i u
to ī ū
--- uc be pleased ūciṣe
containing ya va
to i u
--- tyaj ti-tyaj
- yaj i-yaj
vac u-vac
- vad u-vad
vah u-vah - svap su-ṣvap
-------------------------------------------------------------
Intensive
i ī
= e
diś dediś, nī nenī, śuc śośuc
u ū
= o
nu nonu, bhū bobhū
a ā
ṛ ṛṛ = ā sibilants, mutes
kāś cākaś pat pāpat gam jāgam
gṛ jāgṛ dṛ dādṛ
dhṛ dādhṛ cal cācal
---------------
kṛ carkṛ kṛṣ carkṛṣ dṛ dardṛ
dhṛ dardhṛ hṛṣ jarhṛṣ car carcar
phar parphar
cal calcal daṃś dandas
gam jaṅgam jambh
jañjab tan taṃstan
-----------------
gam ganīgam han
ghanīghan
krand kanikrand
skand kaniṣkand bhṛ bharībhṛ vṛt varīvṛt
dhū
davidhv dyut davidyut
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Desiderative
i
jyā jijyāsa miś mimikṣa prī
piprīṣa
vṛt vivṛtsa huh jugukṣa bhū bubhūṣa
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Aorist
themetic secondary
endings at
atām an
beginning with
double consonant =
weak = dru
- adudruvat
“ “ single “ =
strong = muc -
amūmucat
asperant treated
as single “
= strong = dhṛ -
adīdharat
strong vowel
usually weakens sūd =
asūsudat
a ā
i ī ṛ = i
u ū = u
causatives in
ā endings with
p
keep p
jñā know jñāpayati ajijñipat
sthā stand sthāpayati atiṣṭhipat