accent Verbs
sing.
active personal endings
in all tenses
and moods
always unaccented
except imper. dhi hi
others
if dissyllabic may have
first syllable anti mahi
if
stem ends in a
in pres. fut.
unaugmented impef. ao.
throughout subjunctive
never on ending
, remains on same syllable throughout
augment if
verb is accented always on a
abharat
imperf.
ajagan
plupf.
abhūt ao.
abhariṣyat cond.
if augment
is dropped
imperf. same
syllable as in
present
bharat bharati
pluperfect usually root
cākan
sing.3 kan
rāran
sing.3 ran
ciketam sing.1 cit
themetic a
accents a
cakṛpa-nta pl.3
aorist sa accents sa
dhukṣan dhukṣa-nta duh milk
aorist s root
vamsi sing.1 van
win
aorist iṣ
root
śamsiṣam sing.1
aorist formed from
root accents radical
of sing. active
but elsewhere
vark sing.3 vṛj
aorist themetic a follows
analogy of present
a-class
ruham
bhujat
vidat
budha-nta
but
ara-nta ṛ go
sarat sṛ flow
sada-tam sad sit
sanat
san gain
but op.
sanema
vocat vac say
aorist redup. uaually redup.
dīdhras sing.2
nīnaśas sing.2
pīparat sing.3
sīṣvap
jījanat jījanan pl.
sometimes root
śiśrathas sing.2
pīparat sing.3
śiśnathat sing.3
aorist passive root
dhāyi
śrāvi
vedi
jani
pādi
sādi
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
present system
ending
in a accent
remains on same
syllable in all
moods
on radical
in class 1
and 4
bhavati bhū be
nahyati nah bind
thematic a class
6
tudati tud strike
class 2
or graded conjugation
sing. indic.
active
whole of
subj.
imper. active
sing.3
accent stem
asti
sing.3
asat subj.
astu imper. as
be
but
addhi imper. sing.2
adyur opt. pl.3
ad eat
others
accent endings
strong form
radical syllable
accented
class3
usually redup.
accented
bibharti bhṛ bear
but
bibhṛmasi pl.1
sometimes root
class 5
8 7 9
suffix accented
class 5
kṛṇoti sing.3
kṛṇavat subj.
kṛṇota imper. pl.
but
kṛṇve
sing.1 mid.
kṛṇuhi
imper. sing.2
class 8
manavate man think
but
vanuyāma opt. pl.1
vanvantu imper. pl.3
van win
class 7
yunjami sing.1
yunajat subj. sing.3
yuj join
but
yuǹkte
sing.2 mid
yuǹkṣva imper. sing.2
mid.
class 9
gṛbhnāti sing.3
gṛbhṇās subj. sing.3
grabh seize
but
gṛṇīmasi pl.1
gṛṇīhi
gṛ praise
there
are irregulars
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
perfect
sing.
active and whole
subj. accent radical
syllable
all
other indicatives ,
imper. , opt. accent end
cakāra sing.3
cakrur pl.
cakṛmahe pl.1 mid.
paprathas subj. sing.2
piprayas
jabharat subj. sing.3
piprayat
mumocat
dadharṣati
vavartati
cākanāma pl.1
śūśavāma
paprathan pl. 3
vavṛtyām op. sing.1
śuśrūyās op. sing.2
tutujayāt opt. sing.3
śuśūyātam du.3
vavṛjyur pl.3
vāvṛdhīthās sing.2 mid.
śiśrīta sing.3 mid.
śri resort
piprīhi imper.
sing.2
mumugdhi muc
jajastām du.2
dadhiṣva sing.2 mid.
participles accents suffix
cakṛvāms
cakrāṇa
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
aorist
augment
a accented
regarding
moods the following
notes
root aorist
subj. accents
radical
karas sing.2
karat sing.3
śravatas du.3
gamanti pl.3
bhodate sing.3 mid.
inj. radical
in sing. but
ending elsewhere
namsi sing.1
dabhur pl.3
mṛthās sing.2
op. ending
aśyam sing.1
bhūyās sing.2
aśīmahi pl.1 mid.
imper. root
in sing.3 act.
endings elsewhere
śrotu sing.3
kṛdhi sing.2
gatam du.3
bhūta pl.3
kṛṣva sing.2 mid.
participle usually suffix
accented
bhidant
budhāna
a aorist
follows that of
the unaugmented indicative
subj.
vidāt sing.3
inj.
darśam sing.1
ruham
ruhat sing.3
vidat
sanat
vidanta pl.3
op.
videyam sing1
saneyam
śakema pl.1
sanema
sanema
imper.
sana sing.2
sara
ruhatam du.2
sadatam
khyata pl.2
participle usually thematic
a but sometimes
root
tṛpant
but
sadant
guhamāna
but
dasamāna
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
redup. aorist
subj.
vocati
inj. redup. syllable
or root
nīnaśas sing.2
śiśrathas
pīparat
sing.3
pīparat
op. thematic or
ending
vocema pl.1
cucyuvīmahi
imper. thematic or
ending
jigṛtam du.2
jigṛta
pl.
suṣūdata
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
s aorist
subj. root
darṣat dṛ split
yakṣat yaj
sacrifice
parṣathas du.2 pṛ take across
inj.
vamsi sing.1 mid.
van win
op. end
bhakṣīya
sing.2 mid. bhaj
dhukṣīmahi pl. duh
milk
participle root in
active
dakṣant dah burn
mid. usually
suffix
arcasāna
but
ohasāna
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iṣ aorist
subj. root
bodhiṣat sing.3
inj. root
mathīs
sing.2
op. end
edhiṣīya sing.1
imper. end
aviḍḍhi sing2
aviṣṭam du.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------
sa aorist
inj. the sa
dhukṣanta pl.3
imper.
dhukṣasva sing.2 duh
no
subj. or optatives
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
future
on the sya
eṣyati
sing.3 he will go
i
staviṣyāmi
sing.1 stu i shall praise
kariṣyati sing.3 he will
do kṛ
participle
kariṣyant about to do
-----------------------------------------------------------------
secondary conjugations
accent
same syllable of
stem throughout
except intensive active
causative,
denominative, passive
secondary form of
intensive and desiderative
all
ending in a
causative accents penultimate
krodhaya enrage
passive, secondary
form of intensive
and denominative accent ya
panyate is admired
rerhyate licks repeatedly
gopāyanti they protect
some denominatives have
causative accent
mantrayate takes counsel
desiderative accents redup.
piprīṣati
primary intensives like class 3
accents redup.
in strong form
accents weak form
of indicative active
johavīti sing.3
jarbhṛtas du.3
varvṛtati pl.3
mid. voice
usually redup.
tetikte
nenikte
subj. usually
redup.
jaǹghanat sing.3
imper. ending
jāgṛhi sing.2
carkṛtāt
participle usually redup.
cekitat
cekitāna
----------------------------------------------------------------