accented
nouns
strong declensions
= nom. acc.
weak declensions = inst.
dat. abl. gen.
loc.
if noun has
‘ underlying ‘ accent, it
keeps the stress
if
no ‘ underlying ‘ accent
strong ending -
syllable immediately preceding it
takes stress
weak ending
- stress is in
ending
---------------------------------------------------------------
stems
may be subdivided
into those ending
in
consonants unchangeable -
changeable
vowels a - ā i -
u ī – ū
-----------------------
unchangeable stems
dental
marut
marut marutau marutas
marutam “ “
marutā marudbhyām marudbhis
marute “ marudbhyas
marutas “ “
“ marutos marutām
maruti “ marutsu
---------------------
ji-t conquering t
is added
to roots ending
in short vowels
i u ṛ
śru-t hearing these
often appear as
last member of
compounds
kṛ-t making
cit thought f
dyu-t brilliance f
nṛt dancing f
vṛ-t host f
vat tāt
it ut derivative stems
ending in
pra-vat height
f
deva-tāt divine service f
sar-it stream f
mar-ut storm god m
yakṛt liver n
śakṛ-t shit n
d usually ending
a compound
adri-bhid mountain cleaving
nid contempt f
bhid destroyer f
vid knowledge f
ud wave f
mud joy f
vṛd clay f
hṛd heart n
pad foot m
dh
vṛdh strengthening
nadh
bond
sridh foe
kṣudh hunger
yudh
fight
mṛdh condlict
vṛdh prosperity
spṛdh battle
th
kapṛth penis n
path path m
abhi-śnath piercing adj.
n
tan succession f
ran joy m
van wood m
svan sounding adj.
tuvi-ṣvan roaring aloud
go-ṣan winning cows
han slaying
---------------------
pad lengthens vowel
in strong cases
pāt pādā pādas
pādam “ padas
padā
padbhyām padbhis
pade “ padbhyas
padas
“ “
“ pados padām
padi “ patsu
-------------------------------------------------------------------
labials
p
ap water
kṛp beauty
kṣap night
kṣip finger
rip deceit
rup earth
vip rod
vi-ṣṭap
summit f
puśu-tṛp
delighting in cattle
bh
kṣubh push
yabh fucking
gṛbh seizing
nabh desroyer
śubh splendour
stubh praise
kakubh peak
tri-ṣṭubh
triple praise f
m
śam happiness n
dam house
him cold
sam-nam favour f
triṣṭubh triple praise f
triṣṭup
triṣṭubham triṣṭubhas
triṣṭubhā
triṣṭubhe
triṣṭubhas
“
triṣṭubhi
---------------------------------
palatals
c
tvac skin
sic hem
ruc lustre
śuc flame
sruc ladle
ṛc stanza
mṛc injury
ni-mruc sunset
------------------
vāc speech f
vāk vācau vācas
vācam “ “
vācā
vāgbhyām vāgbhis
vāce “ vāgbhyas
vācas
“ “
“ vācos
vācām
vāci “ vākṣu
---------------------
ch
pṛch ask
j
aj driver
vij stake at play
ūrj vigour ūrk
nir-ṇij bright garment nir-ṇik
aj ij
a-svapn-aj sleepless
tṛṣṇ-aj
thirsty
dhṛṣ--aj
bold
san-aj old
uś-ij desiring
bhur-ij arm f
vaṇ-ij trader m
asṛj blood
-----------
uśij m f
uśik uśijā uśijas
uśijam “ “
uśijā uśigbhyām uśigbhis
uśije “ uśigbhyas
uśijas “ “
“ uśijos uśijām
uśiji “ uśikṣu
------------
ś
dāś worship
diś direction
dṛś look
naś night
paś sight
piś ornament
prāś dispute
viś settlement
vṛiś finger
īś lord
spaś spy
viś
viṭ viśau viśas
viśam “ “
viśā viṣbhyām viḍbhis
viśe “ viḍbhyas
viśas “ “
“ viśos viśām
viśi “ vikṣu
---------------------------
ṣ
preceeded by i
u ṛ k
iṣ refreshment f
tviṣ excitement f
dviṣ hatred f
riṣ injury f
uṣ dawn f
pṛkṣ satiation f
dadhṛṣ bold
--- in
compounds
miṣ wink
sriṣ lean
ukṣ sprinkle
muṣ steal
pruṣ drip
dhṛṣ dare
vṛṣ rain
akṣ eye
vi-pruṭ drop f
an-ak eyeless blind
h
nih destroyer f
mih mist f
guh hiding-place f
ruh sprout f
druh fiend
m f
sah conqueror m
mah great
m n
---- compounds
druh hate
vah carry
sah
overcome
---------------
sah victorious
ṣāṭ sāhau sāhas
sāham “ “
sahā saḍbhyām saḍbhis
sahe “ saḍbhyas
sahas “ “
“ sahos sahām
sahi “ ṣaṭsu
-----------------
r
pur
pūr purau puras
puram “ “
purā purbhyām purbhis
pure “ purbhyas
puras “ “
“ puros purām
puri “ purṣu
------------------
s
jñās relative m
mās month m
vas abode m
pums male m
śās ruler m
kās caugh f
nās nose f
ās face n
bhās light n
mās flesh n
dos arm n
yos welfare n
su-dās giving well
as
yaśas glory m
f
yaśās glorious f
apsarās nymph f
ūrṇa-
mradās soft as wool
apas m f active
apas n work
apās apasau apasas apas apasī
apāmsi
apasam “ apasas “ “ “
apasā apobhyām apobhis apasā apobhyām
apobhis
apase “ apobhyas apase “ apobhyas
apasas
“ “ apasas
“ “
“ apasos apasām “ apasos apasām
apasi “ apassu apasi
“ apassu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
is
śocis glow n
śocis m
śocis śociṣau
śocīmṣi śociṣas
śociṣam
“ “
śociṣā
śocirbhyām śocirbhis
śociṣe
“ śocirbhyas
śociṣas
“ “
“ śociṣos śociṣām
śociṣi
“ śociṣṣu
----------------------
us
janus birth
cakṣus seeing
m
cakṣus eye
n
cakṣus cakṣuṣā cakṣuṣas cakṣuṣ cakṣuṣī cakṣūmsi
cakṣuṣam “ “ “ “ “
cakṣuṣā cakṣurbhyām cakṣurbhis
cakṣuṣe “ cakṣurbhyas
cakṣuṣas “ “
“ cakṣuṣos cakṣuṣām
cakṣuṣi “ cakṣuṣṣu
------------------------------------------------------------------------