s
aorist
Active Middle
s stām sus sta sātām
sata
s stam sta sthās sāthām
dhvam
sam sva sma si svahi smahi
s-t
s-s
s-am
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rules
active finals
and medials vṛddhi
middle unaltered
except ī u
= guna
before
dhvam
s
is dropped vṛ avṛḍhvam
after domalizing vowels
i
e o ṛ
h is dropped
of dh
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s likes
roots ending in
vowels
combines s
easily and often
ending with
c ś
j h d
dh p unambiguous
muc free amāukṣam
spṛś touch asprākṣam
bhaj deal abhākṣam
dah burn adākṣam
chid cut achāitsam
rudh hinder arāutsam
svap sleep asvāpsam
-------------------------------------------------------
kṛ
śap course
akārṣ akārṣṭām akārṣus aśapta aśapsātām aśapsata
akārṣ akārṣṭam akārṣṭa aśapthās aśapsāthām aśabdhvam
akārṣam akārṣva akārṣma aśapsi aśapsvahi aśapsmahi
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dṛś
stu
adrākṣ adrāṣṭām adrākṣus astoṣṭa astoṣātām astoṣata
adrākṣ adrāṣṭam adrāṣṭa astoṣṭhās astoṣāthām astoḍhvan
adrākṣam adrākṣva adrākṣama astoṣi astoṣvahi astoṣmahi
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
nī
anaiṣ anaiṣṭām anaiṣus aneṣṭa aneṣātām aneṣata
anaiṣ anaiṣṭam anaiṣṭa aneṣṭhās aneṣāthām anethvam
anaiṣam anaiṣva anaiṣma aneṣi aneṣvahi aneṣmahi
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
budh wake
abuddha
abhutsātām abhutsata
abuddhās
abhutsāthām abhuddhvam
abhutsi abhutsvahi abhutsmahi
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
pū iṣ aorist
= apāvīs =
apāvīt
apāvīs
apāvisam
but
s aorist = apūs
apūs
apūsam
thus
prā fill ji win nī lead dah burn
ric
leave
muc
free
aprās ajāis anāis adhāk ārāik amāuk
aprās ajāis anāis adhāk arāik amāuk
aprāsam ajāiṣam anāiṣam adhākṣam arāikṣam amāukṣam
showing loss
of tense sign
rudh hinder
arāuts īt arāud dhām arāuts us arud dha aruts ātām aruts ata
arāuts īs arāud dham arāuts va arud dhās aruts āthām aruts vahi
arāuts am arāuts va arāuts ma aruts i aruts vahi aruts mahi
--------------------------------------------------------
duh burn
adhākṣ īt ad āg dhām adhākṣ us ad ag dha adhakṣ ātām adhakṣ ata
adhākṣ īs ad āg dham adhākṣ va ad ag dhās adhakṣ āthām adhakṣ vahi
adhākṣ am adhākṣ va adhākṣ
ma adhakṣ i adhakṣ āthām adhakṣ mahi
==========================================================
stu
subjunctive
stoṣati stoṣatas stoṣan stoṣate stoṣante
stoṣasi stoṣathas stoṣatha stoṣase
stoṣāṇi stoṣāma stoṣai
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injunctive
ji jeṣam yā go yeṣam
gā go
geṣam sthā stand
stheṣam
dā give deṣma yu separate
yauṣma
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optative
dā
cut diṣīya bhaj
divide bhakṣīya
man think
masīya muc
release mukṣīya
rā give rāsīya stṛṛ strew stṛṣīya
man think
maṃsīṣṭhā: dṛ tear darṣīṣṭa
mṛc injure
mṛkṣīṣṭa trā
protect trāsīthām
van win vasīmahi sac follow sakṣīmahi
duh milk dhukṣīmahi
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imperative
nī lead
neṣa pṛ
take across parṣa
sah sākṣva dah burn dhakṣat
sah sakṣat
-----------------------------------------------------------
ci
pile acāiṣam
ji win ajāiṣam
nī lead anāiṣam aneṣi
bhī fear abhāiṣam
śru hear aśrāuṣam
stu laud astāuṣam astoṣi
hu pour ahāuṣam
jñā know ajñāsam
ajñāsi
yā go ayāsam
hā quit ahāsam
ahāsi
kṛ make akārṣam akṛṣi
tṛ pass atārṣam
smṛ mind asmārṣam
hṛ take ahārṣam ahṛṣi
( medial
vowel )
chid cut achāitsam
achitsi
ric leave arāikṣam
arikṣi
muc free amāukṣam
amukṣi
rudh hinder arāutsam
arutsi
dṛś see adrākṣam adṛkṣi
spṛś touch asprākṣam
pṛś ask aprākṣam
sṛj emit asrākṣam asṛkṣi
tyaj quit atyākṣam
vas
dwell avātsam
dah
burn adhākṣam
vyadh pierce avyātsam
yam
hold ayāmsam
ayamsi
vap strew avāpsam
svap sleep asvāpsam
bhañj break abhānkṣam
sañj cling asānkṣam
asakṣi
-----------------------------------------------
dṛś see dṛṣṭa
yuj join yukta
mṛj wipe mṛṣṭa
duh
milk dugdha
ruh ascend rūḍha
pac cook apākta
bhaj deal abhākta
bhañj break abhāǹkta
muc free amukthās
dṛś see adrāṣṭa
spṛś touch asprāṣṭa
mṛj wipe amārṣṭa
sṛj emit asṛṣṭhās
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------