root aorist

Active Middle

t tām us ran ta tām ta

s tam ta thās thām dhvam

am va ma i vahi mahi

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dā

adāt adātām adus adita aditām adiran

adās adātam adāta adithās adithām adidhvam

adām adāva adāma adi adivahi adimahi

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pā drink

apāt apātām apus apāta apātām apāta

apās apātam apāta apātās apātām apādvam

apām apāva apāma ape apāvahi apāmahi

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optative

pāyāt pāyāstām pāyāsus

pāyās pāyāstam pāyāsta

pāyāsam pāyāsva pāyāsma

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subjunctive

pāti / pāt pātas pān

pāsi / pās pāṭas pāta

pāni / pām pāva pāma

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injunctive

pāt pātām pus

pās pātam pāta

pām pāva pāma

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sthā

asthāt asthātām asthus asthita asthātām asthiran

asthās asthātam asthāta asthithās asthāthām asthādhvam

asthām asthāva asthāma asthi asthivahi asthimahi

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kṛ

akar akartām akran akṛta akṛtām akrata

akar akartam akarta akṛthās akṛthām akṛdhvam

akaram akarva akarma akri akṛvahi akṛmahi

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bhū

abhūt abhūtām abhūvan

abhūs abhūtam abhūta

abhūvam abhūva abhūma

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i go

agāt agātam agus

agās agātam agāta

agām agāva agāma

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middle sonant aspirate arabh - ta

arabdha alabdha abuddha ayuddha aruddha

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mā rudas don’t cry mā vadhīs don’t strike

mā glāsīs tire not mā bhūs be not

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3 pl. taking -ran

akṛpran agṛbhran ajusran adṛśran apadran abhudhran

ayujran avasran aviśran avṛtran asṛgran asthiran aspṛdhran

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subjunctive

kṛ

karati karat karatas karan

karasi karas karathas

karāṇi karā karāva karāma

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injunctive

bhī fear bhūa; bhes dagh reach dhak

bhid split bhet ruj break rok

śri śret naś attain naṭ

hū call homa vṛ cover vran

dā give dur dhā put dhur

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nud nutthā: naś attain naṃś

mṛ die mṛthā: mṛṣ neglect mṛṣṭhā:

ric leave rikthā: ṛ go arta

aś attain aṣṭa vij tremble vikta

vṛ choose vṛta dhā put dhīmahi

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optative

aś attain

aśyāt aśyāstām aśyus

aśyās aśyāstam aśyāsta

aśyām aśyāsva aśyāsma

dā deyām

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ṛ go arīta idh kindle idhīmahi

naś reach naśīmahi

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imperative

gam go gahi van win vaṃsva

yudh fight yodhi sac follow sakṣva

mā measure māhi yaj sacrifice yakṣva

pṛṛ fill pūrdhi dhā put dhiṣva

sā bind sāhi yuj join yukṣva

śak be able śagdhi

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passive

adds i mostly strengthened to 3 sing.

to radical ā add a y tap = atāpi dhā = adhāyi

vid find avedi budh wake abodhi dṛś see adarśi

śri lean aśrāyi stu praise astāvi bhṛ bear abhāri

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participle

ṛdhant krant gmant stānt

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arāṇa idhāna krāṇa dṛśāna

budhāna bhiyāna vrāṇa śubhāna