Intensive a secondary verbal
derivative
intense frequent repetition She frequently beats
him
Are restricted to roots with initial consonants, never to dirivatives
monosyllabic roots
only
no class 10
Present System 2 forms - like Class 3 kṛ carkarti active
like
Passive kṛ cekrīyate middle
reduplication ya
middle voice ru rorūyate
passive looking
but not passive
or
reduplication no
ya active voice
jap jaṅjapīti
usually the
reduplicated vowel is strenghtened
a, ṛ
= ā vāvad, dādhṛ
i, ī
= e nenī
u, ū
= o śośuc hu - hohu
sometimes the
reduplicating syllable has
a final consonant
taken from
the end of
root
carcar marmṛj
sometimes the
reduplication is dissyllabic
an i inserted
after the final
consonant of the
reduplicating syllable
varīvṛt
sometimes an
ī inserted between
stem and ending
reduplication ( of
non ya
) is
based on the
root alone
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active Middle
kṛ
nṛt
carīkarti carīkṛtas carīkrati narīnṛtyate narīnṛtyete narīnṛtyante
carīkarṣi carīkṛthas carīkṛtha nrīnṛtyase narīnṛtyethe
nafīnṛtyadhve
carīkarmi carīkṛvas carīkṛmas nrīnṛtye nrīnṛtyāvahe narīnṛtyāmahe
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
active
middle
bhū
Present
bobhoti bobhūtas bobhavati
bobhūyate bobhūyete bobhūyante
bobhoṣi bobhūthas bobhūtha bobhūyase bobhūyethe bobhūyadhve
bobhomi bobhūva bobhūmas bobhūye bobhūyāvahe
bobhūyāmhe
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bhū Imperfect
budh imperfect
abobhot abobhutām abobhavus abobudhyata abobudhyetām abobudhyanta
abobhos abobhutam abobhūta abobudhyathās
abobudhyethām abobudhyadhvam
abobhavam abobhūva abobhūma abobudhye abobudhyāvahi
abobudhvāmahi
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
nī imperative
nenīyatām nenīyetām nenīyantām
nenīyasva nenīyethām nenīyadhvam
nenīyai nenīyādahai nenīyāmahai
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
kṛ optative
cekrīyeta cekrīyeyātām cekrīyeran
cekrīyethās cekrīyeyāthām cekrīyadhvam
cekrīyeya cekrīyevahi cekrīyemahi
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Middle
Active
aṭ wander aṭāṭyate
kṛ cekrīyate carkarti
kram stride caṅkramyate caṅkramīti
gam jaṅgamyate jaṅgamīti
car move cañcaryate cañcurīti
jan generate jañanyate jañjanīti
jval flame jājavalyate jājvalīti
tṛṛ cross tetīryate tātarīti
daṃś bite dandaśyate dandaśīti
dah burn dandahyate dandahīti
dā give dedīyate dādāti
dīp shine dedīpyate dedipīti
nṛt dance narīnṛtyate narīnarti
pā drink pepīyate pāpāti
pac cook pāpacyate pāpacīti
prach ask parīpṛcchayate pāpracchīti
budh know bobudhyate bobudhīti
bhid break bebhidyate bebhidīti
bhram roam bambhramyate bambhramīti
mṛ die vemrīyate marīmarti
yaj sacrifice yāyajyate yāyajīti
ru cry rorūyate roravīti
ruc like rorucyate rorucīti
rud weep rorudyate rorudīti
lih lick lelihyate lelihīti
lup bite off lolupyate lolupīti
lubh be greedy lolubhyate lolubhīti
vad vāvadyate vāvadīti
vṛt be varīvṛtyate varīvarti
vraj go vāvrajyate vāvrajīti
śuc grieve śośucyate śośucīti
śubh shine śośubhyate śośubhīti
sad sit sāsdyate sāsdīti
sṛ move sesrīyate sarīsarti
sṛp crawl sarīsṛpyate sarīsṛpīti
smṛ remember sāsmaryate sāsmarīti
svap sleep soṣupyate sāsvapīti
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
सा ओदनम् पापच्यते
he rice cooks-cooks
मतय: अद्य देदीप्यमानं सन्ति
thoughts today
shining-shining are
स: कृषक: कार्यम् चरीकर्ति
the farmer
work does-does
गौ: वत्सम् लेलिह्यन्ते
cow calf licks-licks
सा प्रात: चङ्क्रम्यमाणा ध्यायति
she in-the-morning walking-walking ponders
अज: क्षेत्रे अटाट्यते
goat in-field wander-wander
पक्षिन: चञ्च्वा आम्रम् बोभिद्यन्ताम्
bird with-beak
mango break-break
बम्भ्रम्यमाण: पथिक: सुराम् पिपासति
roaming-roaming traveller wine
wants-to-drink
सा नारी रोरूद्यते
the lady
weep-weep
वृषभ: मार्गे चञ्चूर्यते
bull on-road
walk-walk
सा तम् सत्याय पाप्रच्छीति
she him
for-truth ask-ask
मनस् दिनम् दिनम् नरीनर्ति
mind day-in day-out dance-dance