Class
2
Active
Middle
as be present īś
master rule govern
asti
stas santi īṣṭe īśāte īśate
asi sthas stha īśiṣe īśāthe īśidhve
asmi svas smas īśe īśvahe īśmahe
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperfect
āsīt āstām āsan aiṣṭha aiśātām aiśata
āsīs āstam
āsta aiṣṭhās aiśāthām aiḍḍhvam
āsam
āsva āsma aiśi aiśvahi aiśmahi
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperative
astu
stām santu īṣṭām īśātām īśatām
edhi
stam sta īśiṣva īśāthām īśidhva
asāni asāva asāma īśai īśāvahai īśāmahai
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optative
syāt
syātām syu: īśīta īśīyātām īśīran
syās syātam syāta
īśīthās
īśīyāthām
īśīdhvam
syām syāva syāma īśīya īśīvahi īśīmahi
=============================================
brū present
bravīti
brūtas bruvanti brūte bruvāte bruvate
bravīṣi brūthas brūtha brūṣe bruvāthe brūdhve
bravīmi brūvas brūmas bruve brūvahe brūmahe
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperfect
abravīt abrūtām abruvan abrūta abruvātām abruvata
abravīs abrūtam abrūta abrūthās abruvāthām abrūdhvam
abravam abrūva abrūma abruvi abrūvahi abrūmahi
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
imperative
bravītu brūtām bruvantu brūtām bruvātām bruvatām
brūhi brūtam brūta brūṣva bruvāthām brūdhvam
bravāṇi bravāva bravāma bravai
bravāvahi
bravāmahai
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
optative
brūyāt brūyātām brūyus bruvīta bruvīyātām bruvīran
brūyās brūyātam brūyāta bruvīthās bruvīyāthām bruvīdhvam
brūyām brūyāva brūyāma bruvīya bruvīvahi bruvīmahi
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subjunctive
brati
bratas bran bravate bravaithe
bravanta
brasi
brathas bratha bravase bravaithe
bravadhve
bravāṇi bravāva
bravāma
bravai bravāvahi bravāmahai
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Injunctive
bravīt brūtām bruvan brūta bruvātām bruvata
bravīs brūtam bruta brūthās bruvāthām brūdhvam
bravam
brūva brūma bruvi brūvahi brūmahi
-----
bruvāṇa
=========================================
i go
present adhi: i study
eti itas yanti adhīte adhīyāte adhīyate
eṣi ithas itha adhīṣe adhīyāthe adhīdhve
emi ivas imas adhīye adhīvahe adhīmahe
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
imperfect
ait aitām āyan adhyaita adhyaiyātām adhyaiyata
ais aitam aita adhyaithās adhyaiyāthām adhyaidhvam
āyam aiva aima adhyaiyi adhyaivahi adhyaimahi
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
imperative
etu itām yantu adhītām adhīyātām adhīyatām
ihi itam ita adhīṣva adhīyāthām adhīdhyam
ayāni ayāva ayāma adhyayai adhyāvahai adhyayāmahai
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
optative
iyāt iyātām iyur adhīyīta adhīyīyātām adhīyīran
iyās iyātām iyāta adhīyīthā: adhīyīyāthām adhīyīdhvam
iyām
iyāva iyāma adhīyīya adhīyīvahi adhīyīmahi
==============================================
stu praise
present
stauti
stutas stuvanti stute stuvāte stuvate
stauṣi stuth:
stutha stuṣe stuvāthe studhve
staumi
stuva: stuma: stuve stuvahe stumahe
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
imperfect
astaut
astutām astuvan astuta
astuvātām
astuvata
astau:
astutam astuta astuthā: astuvāthām astudhvam
astavam
astuva astuma astuvi astuvahi astumahi
----------------------------------------------------
imperative
stautu
stutām stuvantu stutām stuvātām stuvatām
stuhi
stutam stuta stuṣva stuvāthām studhvam
stavāni
stavāva stavāma stavai stavāvahai stavāmahai
--------------------------------------------------
optative
stuyāt stuyātām stuyu: stuvīta stuvīyātām stuvīran
stuyā: stuyātam stuyāta stuvīthā:
stuvīyāthām
stuvīdhvam
stuyām stuyāva stuyāma stuvīya stuvīvahi stuvīmahi
===================================================
vid know present pṛc mix,
come in contact with
vetti vitta: vidanti pṛkte pṛcāte pṛcate
vetsi
vittha: vittha pṛkṣe pṛcāthe pṛgdhve
vedni
vidva: vidma: pṛce pṛcvahe pṛcmahe
-------------------------------------------------
imperfect
avet avittām avidu: apṛkta apṛcātām apṛcata
ave: avittam avitta apṛkthā: apṛcāthām apṛgdhvam
avedam
avidvi avidma apṛci apṛcvahi apṛcmahi
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
imperative
vettu
vedāva vidntu pṛktām pṛcātām pṛcatām
viddhi
vittam vitta pṛkṣva pṛcāthām pṛgdhvam
vedāni vittām vedāma pṛcai pṛcāvahai pṛcāmahai
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optative
vidyāt vidyātām vidyu: pṛcīta pṛcīyātām pṛcītan
vidyā: vidyātam vidyāta pṛcīthā: pṛcīyāthām pṛcīdhvam
vidyām vidyāva vidyāma pṛcīya pṛcīvahi pṛcīmahi
=====================================
han kill
present śī lie
sleep
hanti
hata: ghnanti śete śayāte śerate
haṃsi hatha:
hatha
śeṣe
śayāthe
śedhve
hanmi
hanva: hanma: śaye śevahe śemahe
---------------------------------------------------
imperfect
ahan ahatām aghnan aśeta aśayātām aśerata
ahan
ahatam ahata aśethā: aśayāthām aśedhvam
ahanam ahanva
ahanma aśayi aśevahi aśemahi
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
imperative
hantu
hatām ghnantu śetām śayātām śeratām
jahi hatam hata śeṣva śayāthām śedhvam
hanāni hanāva hanāma śayai śayāvahai śayāmahai
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
optative
hanyāt
hanyātām
hanyu:
śayīta
śayīyātām
śayīran
hanyā: hanyātam hanyāta śayīthā: śayīyāthām śayīdhvam
hanyām
hanyāva
hanyāma
śayīya
śayīvahi
śayīmahi
=================================================
dviṣ hate
present
dveṣṭi dviṣṭa: dviṣanti dviṣṭe dviṣāte dviṣate
dvekṣi dviṣṭha dviṣṭha dvikṣe dviṣāthe dviḍḍhve
dveṣmi dviṣva: dviṣma: dviṣe dviṣvahe dviṣmahe
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
imperfect
adveṭ adviṣṭām adviṣan adviṣṭa adviṣātām adviṣta
adveṭ adviṣṭam adviṣṭa adviṣṭhā: adviṣāthām adviḍḍhvam
adveṣam adviṣva adviṣma adviṣi adviṣvahi adviṣmahi
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
imperative
dveṣṭu dviṣṭām dviṣantu dviṣṭām dviṣātām dviṣatām
dviḍitha dviṣṭam dviṣṭa dvikṣva dviṣāthām dviḍḍhvam
dveṣāṇi dveṣāva dveṣāma dveṣai dveṣāvahi dveṣāmahai
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
optative
dviṣyāt
dviṣyātām dviṣyu: dviṣīta dviṣīyātām dviṣītan
dviṣyā: dviṣyātam dviṣyāta dviṣīthā: dviṣīyāthām dviṣīdhvam
dviṣyām dviṣyāva dviṣyāma dviṣīya dviṣīvahi dviṣīmahi
===========================================
ad eat
present ās sit
atti atta: adanti āste āsāte āsate
atsi
attha: attha āsse āsāthe ādhve
admi
adva: adma: āse āsvahe āsmahe
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
imperfect
ādat āttām ādan āsta āsātām āsata
āda: āttam ātta āsthā: āsāthām ādhvam
ādam
ādva ādma āsi āsvahi āsmahi
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
imperative
attu
attām adantu āstām āsātām āstām
addhi
attam atta āsva āsāthām ādhvam
adāni adāva adāma āsau āsāvahai āsāmahai
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
optative
adyāt
adyātām adyu: āsīta āsīyātām āsīran
adyā: adyātam adyāta āsīthā: āsīyāthām āsīdhvam
adyām
adyāva adyāma āsīya āsīvahi āsīmahi
=====================================================
yā go
present vṛj twist avoid abandon
yāti yāta: yānti vṛkte vṛjāte vṛjate
yāsi yātha: yātha vṛkṣe vṛjāthe vṛgdhve
yāmi yāva: yāma: vṛje vṛjvahe vṛjmahe
--------------------------------------------------------
imperfect
ayāt ayātām ayān avṛkta avṛjātām avṛjata
ayā: ayātam ayāta avṛkthā: avṛjāthām avṛgdhvam
ayām ayāva ayāma avṛji avṛjvahi avṛjmahi
-----------------------------------------------------------
imperative
yātu
yātām
yāntu vṛktām vṛjātām vṛjatām
yāhi yātam yāta vṛkṣva vṛjāthām vṛgdhvam
yāni yāva yāma vṛjai vṛjāvahai vṛjāmahai
-------------------------------------------------------------
opatative
yāyāt yāyātām yāyu: vṛjīta vṛjīyātām vṛjīran
yāyā: yāyātam yāyāta vṛjīthā: vṛjīyāthām vṛjīdhvam
yāyām yāyāva yāyāma vṛjīya vṛjīvahi vṛjīmahi
---------------
yānt yāntī
=====================================================
duh to milk
Present
dogdhi
dugdha: duhanti dugdhe duhāte duhate
dokṣi dugdha:
dugdha dhukṣe duhāthe dhugdhve
dohmi
duhū: duhma: duhe duhvahe duhmahe
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperfect
adhok adugdhām aduhan adugdha aduhātām ahuhata
adhok
adugdham adugdha adugdhā: aduhāthām adugdhvam
adoham
aduhū aduhma aduhi aduhvahi aduhmahi
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
imperative
dogdhu
dugdhām duhantu dugdhām duhātām duhatām
dugdhi
dugdham dugdha dhukṣva duhāthām dhugdhvam
dohāni dohāva dohāma dohai dohāvahai dohāmahai
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
optative
duhyāt duhyātām duhyu: duhīta duhīyātām duhīran
duhyā: duhyātam duhyāta duhīthā: duhīyāthām duhīdhvam
duhyām
duhāva
duhyāma
duhīya
duhīvahi duhīmahi
=======================================================
lih lick
present
leḍhi līḍha lihanti līḍhe lihāte lihate
lekṣi līḍha: līḍha likṣe lihāthe līḍḍhve
lehmi
lihva: lihma: lihe lihvake lihmahe
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperfect
aleḍ alīḍhām alihan alīḍha alihātām alihata
aleḍ alīḍham alīḍha alīḍhā: alihāthām alīḍḍhvam
aleham
alihva alihma alihi alihvahi alihmahi
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperative
leḍhu līḍhām līḍhāt līḍhām lihātām lihatām
līḍhi līḍham līḍha likṣva lihāthām līḍḍhvam
lehāni
lehāva lehāma lehai lehāvahai lehāmahai
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optative
lihyāt
lihyātām lihyu: lihīta lihīyātām lihīran
lihyā: lihyātam lihyāta lihīthā: lihīyāthām lihīdhvam
lihyām lihyāva lihyāma lihīya lihīvahi lihīmahi
==================================================
an breath
present
īḍ praise
aniti anita:
ananti īḍḍe īḍāte īḍate
aniṣi anitha:
anitha īḍiṣe īḍāthe īḍidhve
animi
aniva: anima: īḍe īḍvahe īḍmahe
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperfect
ānīt ānitām ānan aiḍḍa aiḍātām aiḍata
ānī: ānitam ānita aiḍḍā: aiḍāthām aiḍḍhvam
ānam āniva ānima aiḍi aiḍvahi aiḍmahi
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperative
anitu
anitām anantu īḍḍām īḍātām īḍatām
anihi
anitam anita īḍiṣva īḍāthām īḍidhvam
anāni anāva anāma īḍai īḍāvahi īḍāmahai
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optative
anyāt anyātām anyu: īḍīta īḍīyātām īḍīran
anyā: anyātam anyāta īḍīthā: īḍīyāthām iḍīdhvam
anyām anyāva anyāma īḍīya īḍīvahi īḍīmahi
======================================================
rud cry
present cakṣ see
roditi
rudita: rudanti caṣṭe cakṣāte cakśate
rodiṣi ruditha: ruditha cakṣe cakṣāthe caḍḍhve
rodimi
rudiva: rudima: cakṣe cakṣvahe cakṣmahe
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperfect
arodīt aruditām arudan acaṣṭa acakṣātām acakṣata
arodī: aruditam
arudita acaṣṭhā: acakṣāthām acaḍḍhvam
arodam
arudiva arudima acakṣi acakṣvahi acakṣmahi
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperative
roditu
ruditām rudantu caṣṭām cakṣātām cakṣatām
rudihi
ruditam rudita cakṣva cakṣāthām caḍḍhvam
rodāni
rodāva rodāma cakṣai cakṣāvahai cakṣāmahai
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optative
rudyāt rudyātām rudyu: cakṣīta cakṣīyātām cakṣīran
rudyā: rudyātam rudyāta cakṣīthā: cakṣīyāthām cakṣīdhvam
rudyām
rudyāva rudyāma cakṣīya cakṣīvahi cakṣīmahi
=======================================================
nu praise
present
sū
nauti
nuta: nuvanti sūte suvāte suvate
nauṣi nutha:
nutha
sūṣe
suvāthe sūdhve
naumi
nuva: numa: suve sūvahe sūmahe
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperfect
anaut
anutām anuvan asūta asuvātām asuvata
anau:
anutam anuta asūthā: asuvāthā asūdhvam
anavam
anuva anuma asuvi asīvajo asūmahi
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperative
nautu
nutām nuvantu sūtām suvātām suvatām
nuhi
nutam nuta sūṣva suvāthām sūdhvam
navāni navāva
nvāma
suvai suvāvahai suvāmahai
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optative
nuyāt nuyātām nuyu: suvīta suvīyātām suvīran
nuyā: nuyātam nuyāta suvīthā: suvīyāthām suvīdhvam
nuyām
nuyāva nuyāma suvīya suvīvahi suvīmahi
============================================
cakās to-share
present
cakāsti cacakāsta: cakāsati
cakāssi cakāmtha: cakāmtha
cakāsmi cakāsva: cakāmma:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperfect
acakāt acakāstām acakāsu:
acakāt acakāstam acakāsta
acakāsam acakāsva acakāsma
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperative
cakāstu cakāstām cakāsatu
cakādhi cakāstam cakāsta
cakāmāni cakāsāva cakāsāma
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optative
cakāsyāt cakāsyātām cakāsyu:
cakāsyā: cakāsyātam cakāsyāta
cakāsyām cakāsyāva cakāsyāma
==============================================================
jāgṛ to
be awake
present
jāgarti jagṛta: jāgrati
jāgarṣi jagṛtha: jāgṛtha
jāgarmi jagṛva: jāgṛma:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperfect
ajāga: ajāgṛtām ajāgaru:
ajāga: ajāgṛtam ajāgṛta
ajāgaram ajāgṛva ajāgṛma
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperative
jāgarāṇi jāgarāva jāgarāma
jāgṛhi jāgṛtam jāgṛta
jāgṛtu jāgṛtām jāgratu
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optative
jāgṛyāt jāgṛyātām jāgṛyu:
jāgṛyā: jāgṛyātam jāgṛyāta
jāgṛyām jāgṛyāva jagṛyāma
===========================================================
mṛj cleanse wipe
present
mārṣṭi mṛṣṭa: mṛjanti mārjanti
mārkṣi mṛṣṭha: mṛṣṭha
mārjmi mṛjva: mṛjma:
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperfect
amārṭ amṛṣṭām amṛjan amārjan
amārṭ amṛṣṭam amṛṣṭa
amārjam amṛjva amṛjma
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperative
mārṣṭu mṛṣṭām mṛjantu mārjantu
mṛṭḍhi mṛṣṭam mṛṣṭa
mārjāni mārjāva mārjāma
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optative
mṛjyāt mṛjyātām mṛjyu:
mṛjyā: mṛjyātam mṛjyāta
mṛjyām mṛjyāva mṛjyāma
======================================================
vac speak present
vakti vakta: vacanti
vakṣi vaktha: vaktha
vacmi vacva: vacma:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperfect
avakū avaktām avacan
avakū avaktam avakta
avacam avacva
avacma
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperative
vaktu vaktām vacantu
vagdhi vaktam vakta
vacāni vacāva vaca
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
optative
vacyāt vacyātām vacyu:
vacyā: vacyātam vacyāta
vacyām vacyāva vacyāma
=======================================================
śās govern
present
śāsti śiṣṭa: śāsati
śāssi śiṣṭha: śiṣṭha
śāsmi śiṣva: śiṣma:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperfect
aśāt aśiṣṭām aśāsu:
aśāt aśiṣṭam aśiṣṭi
aśāsam aśiṣva aśiṣma
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imperative
śāstu śiṣṭām śāstu
śādhi śiṣṭam śiṣṭa
śāsāni śāsāva śāsāma
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optative
śiṣyāt śiṣyātām śiṣyu:
śiṣyā: śiṣyātam śiṣyāta
śiṣyām śiṣyāva śiṣyāma
=======================================================
ad eat atti
an
breathe aniti
as be asti
i go eti
kṣṇu sharpen kṣṇauti
khyā tell
khyāti
cakās shine cakasti
jāgṛ be awake jāgarti
daridrā be poor daridrāti
dā cut dāti
drā cut
drāti
nu praise nauti
pā protect pāti
prā fill
prāti
psā eat
psāti
bhā shine
bhāti
mā measure māti
mṛj cleanse mārṣṭi
yā go yāti
yu join
yauti
rā give
rāti
ru cry rauti
rud cry roditi
lā take lāti
vac speak vakti
vā go, blow vāti
vid know vetti veda
sās rule
śāsti
śrā cook śrāti
śvas breathe
śvasiti
snā bathe snāti
svap sleep svapiti
han kill
hanti
------------------------------------
ās sit āste
i go adhite
īś rule, command īṣṭe
cakṣ speak caṣṭe
vas dress vaste
śās desire
āśāste
śī sleep śete
sū give birth to sūte
hu conceal hute
-------------------------------------
ūrṇu cover ūrṇaiti ūrṇute
dih increase degdhi
digdhe
duh to milk dogdhi dugdhe
dviṣ hate dveṣṭi dviṣṭe
brū speak bravīti brute
lih like leḍi lIḍhe
stu praise stauti stute