Imperative

active middle

class 1

bhū labh

bhavatu bhavatām bhavantu labhatām labhetām labhantām

bhava bhavatam bhavata labhasva labhethām labhadhvam

bhavāni bhavāva bhavāma labhai labhāvahai labhāmahai

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Class 2 stu

stautu stutām stuvantu stutām stuvātām stuvatām

stuhi stutam stuta stuṣva stuvāthām studhvam

stavāni stavāva stavāma stavai stavāvahai stavāmahai

astu stām santu

edhi stam sta as to be

asāni asāva asāma

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Class 3 dhā

dadhātu dhattām dadhatu dhattām dadhātām dadhatām

dhehi dhattam dhatta dhatsva dadhāthām dhaddhvam

dadhāni dadhāva dadhāma dadhai dadhāvahai dadhāmahai

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Class 5 śṛu

śṛṇotu śṛṇvantu śṛṇutām śṛṇvatām

śṛṇuhi śṛṇuta śṛṇuṣva śṛṇudhvam

śṛṇavā śṛṇavāma śṛṇavai śṛṇavāmahai

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Class 7 piṣ to crush indh to shine

pinaṣṭu pinṣṭām pinṣantu indhām indhātām indhatām

piñḍhi pinṣṭam pinṣṭa intsva indhāthām indhadhvam

pinaṣāñi pinaṣāva pinaṣāma inadhai indhāvahai indhāmahai

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Class 8 tan stretch kṛ

tanotu tanutām tanvantu kurutām kurvātām kurvatām

tanu tanutam tanuta kuruṣva kurvāthām kurudhvam

tanavāni tanavāva tanavāma karavai karavāvahai karavāmahai

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Class 9 krī

krīṇātu krīṇītām krīṇantu krīṇītām krīṇātām krīṇatām

krīṇīhi krīṇītam krīṇīta krīṇīṣva krīṇāthām krīṇīdhvam

krīṇāni krīṇāva krīṇāma krīṇai krīṇāvahai krīṇāmahai

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Requesting, command, demand, instruction, injunction

Ordering a person to do something

a person is asking – telling somebody else to do something

1st person i shall do this

2nd person you do this ! you must do this

3rd person exhortation or suggestion let her do that

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gṛham gaccha surām ca mā ānaya to-house go and wine bring me

pustikam paṭhāma book let-us-read

asatyavanta: asāma untruthful let-us-be

kathām paṭhatu story let-him-read

tat smarāṇi that i-shall-remember

tām smarāma her let-us-remember

tava pati: tat labhatām your husband that must-obtain

sā pattram likhatu she letter let-write

tat sā vahatu that her let-carry

tatra sa: dhāvatu there he let-run

giram kanyā gāyatu song girl let-sing

sā pustikam taṭhatu she book let-read

sa: praśnam pṛcchatu he question let-ask

sā grāmam gacchatu she village let-go

śva: sā nṛtyatu tomorrow her let-dance

gṛhe te vasantu in-house they let-dwell

narā: aṭantu men let-wander

tṛnam vṛṣabhā: carantu grass bulls let-graze

guru: praśnam pṛcchatu guru question let-ask

tā: na kiṅcidapi smarantu they nothing let-remember

jayatu mahārāja: caram ca kṛtsnām bhuvam adhitiṣṭhatu

let-conquer king and long-time whole world let-stand-above

grāmam gacchatam sukhena ca tatra nivasatam

village you2-let-go and with-happiness there let-dwell

gurava: āsane niṣīdantu bhuvi śiṣyā:

gurus on-chair let-sit, on-ground students

asmābhi: saha nārīnām kalaha: prāvartata

with-them of-women quarrel let-start

he kṣatriyā: kuntān kṣipata iṣūn muñcata pāpān

hey warriors, spears let-throw arrows let-launch wicked

śatrūn daṇḍayata iti krodhāt nṣpati: abhāṣata

enemies let-punish from-anger king spoke

atithim pṛcchatu rātrau kutra nyavasa iti

guest let-ask, in-night where let-you-dwell ?

mātu: kopāt śocata: kanye

of-mother from-anger let-grieve 2girls

pāṭhasya abhyāsāya śiṣyau āgacchatām

of-lesson for-study 2students let-understand

juhva agnau ghṛtam prāsyāni

with-spoon in-fire ghee i-shall-throw

he vadhu vāpyā jalam ānaya

hey lady, with-cistern water let-bring

middle

acāryam labhasva

teacher let-you-obtain

kāvyāni racayāma kīrtim vindāma

poems let-us-compose, fame let-us-find

aśrayāmahai śriyam labhāmahā iti kavaya: vadanti

let-us-take-refuge Good-Fortune let-us-obtain, poets say

mama gṛhe kanye ni avasatām

in-my-house 2girls let-inhabit

agnim yajāvahai sukhāya

Agni let-us-sacrifice for-happiness

sabhāsu paṇḍatai: saha vivadāvahai

in-meetings with-pundits let-us2-argue

durjanā: vartantām

bad-men let-exist