Personal Pronouns
aham āvām vayam
mā mām nau asmān nas
mayā āvābhyām asmābhis
me mahyam
nau asmābhyam nas
mad asmad
me mama
āvayos
nau asmākam nas
mayi asmāsu
---------------------
tvam yuvām yūyam
tā tvām vām yuṣmān vas
tvayā yuvābhyām yuṣmābhis
te tubhyam
vām
yuṣmābhyam vas
tvad yuṣmad
te tava
yuvayos vām yuṣmākam vas
tvayi yuṣmāsu
--------------------------------
Demonstrative Pronouns
sas tau tā te
tam tān
tena tenā tābhyām tebhis
tasmai tebhyas
M
tasmāt
tasya tayos teṣām
tasmin teṣu
----------------------------------------
tat
- tam te tāni N
---------------------------------------------
sā te tās
tām
tayā tābhyām tābhis
tasyai tābhyas F
tasyās
tasyās tayos tāsām
tasyām tāsu
---------------------------------------
ya relative pronoun
yas yau yā ye
yam yān
yenā
yena yābhyām yebhis M
yasmai yebhyas
yasmāt
yasya yayos yeṣām
yasmin yeṣu
------------------------------------------------------------
yat ye yā
yāni N
------------------------------------------------------
yā ye yās F
yām
yayā yābhyām yābhis
yasyai yābhyas
yasyās
yayos yāsām
yasyām yāsu
----------------------------------------------
demonstrative pronouns
this here
M
that there
ayam imau imā ime asau
amū amī
imam imān amum amūn
enā ābhyām ebhis amunā amūbhyām amībhis
asmai
ebhyas amuṣmai amībhyas
asmāt
amuṣmāt
asya anayos eşām amuṣya amuyos amīṣām
asmin
eşu amuṣmin amīṣu
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N
idam ime imāni adas amū
amūni
idas
---------------------------------------
this
F that
iyam
ime imās asau
amū amūs
imām amūm
anayā ābhyām ābhi: amuyā
amūbhyām amūbhis
asyai ābhyas amuṣyai amūbhyas
asyās amuṣyās
anayos
āsām amuyos
amūṣām
asyām āsu amuṣyām amūṣu
------------------------------------
tya that adjective demonstrative pronoun
m
n
f
sya tyā tye tyad
tyāni syā tye tyā:
tyam tyān tyām
tyebhis tyā
tyebhyas
tyasya tyasyās
--------------------------------------------------
sva Reflexive Pronoun own
m n f
svas svās svam
svā svā svās
svam svān svām
svena
svebhis ais svayā svābhis
svāya svebhyas svāyai svābhyas
svat svāyās
svasya svānām svasyās
sve svasmin sveṣu svāyām svāsu
-------------------------------
m n f
anyas
anye anyad anyā anyā anyās
anyam anyān anyām
anyena anyebhis anyais anyayā anyābhis
anyasmai anyebhyas anyasyai anyābhyas
anyasmāt
anyasyās
anyasya anyeṣām
anyāsām
anyasmin anyeṣu anyasyām anyāsu
-------------------------------
dṛś īdṛś, tā-dṛś, etā-dṛś such
kī-dṛś what like
yā-dṛś what like
īdṛkṣa, etā-dṛkṣa suc
-----------------------------------
kati how many
tati so many
yati as many
-------------------------------------
yant i-yant
so much
ki-yant
how much
tvā-vant like you
mā-mant like
me
yuvā-vant devoted to you 2
yuṣmā-vant belonging to you
etā-vant, tā-vant so great
yā-vant
as great
ī-vant so
great
kī-vant how far
-----------------------------------
sama any, every
kaś ca any,
any one
kaś cana any one soever, every
kaś cid any, some, any one,
some one
--------------------------------------
anya
other
viśva
all
sarva
whole
eka
one
----------
uttara
higher
apara
lower
avara
-------------------------------------
upara
eka: aneke
------- ekam anekān
ava-ma lowest ekena anekai:
upa-ma
highest ekasmai anekebhya:
para-ma farthest ekasmāt
madhya-ma
mid. ekasya anekeṣām
para ulterior ekasmin anekeṣu
pūrva prior
dvau dvābhyam dvayo:
prathama
first
tṛtīya third
ubhaya
of both kinds
-----------------------------------------------------------
relative pronoun
ya who, whom,
which
ya: yam
yena
yasmai
yasmāt yasya yasmin
not employed
in questions
introduces a clause
that refers to a
foregoing noun
the bed, in which
this woman sleeps, is
situated in this house.
the relative clause qualifies
bed
just as
any adjective qualifies
a noun
in Sanskrit the
relative clause must precede
the main statement
yad relative clause tad main clause
relative pronoun must agree
in gender and
number with referent
yasyām śayyāyām
iyam nārī svapiti sā asmin gṛhe vidyate
in-which
that
that is situated
in this house
is amplified by
relative clause
the which
weapon you see in the girls hand, that
is really beautiful
yad āyudham kanyāyā: haste
paśyasi,
tad sundaram eva bhavati
yatra in which
(place) to which
(place) locative relation
yatra sundarya: kanyā: pasyasi tatra ayam malina: vṛddha: niṣīdati
in-which-place beautiful girls
you-see
there this dirty old-man is-seated
yadā at which time on which
occasion hence when
tadā its correlative at that time then
yadā
yadā whenever tadā tadā then
yadā rātri: āgacchati tadā vāyu: śītala: bhavati
when night
approaches
then breeze becomes
cool
yadā yadā araya: aśvapṛṣṭhe ākramante tadā tadā jayanti
whenever enemies on-horseback attack then they-win
yadi
if correlates to
tadā or tarhi
yadi prīti: eva ācarasi
tadā
( tarhi ) samtuṣṭacitta:
na bhaviṣyasi
if practice love
alone then you
will not be content
at heart
yata:
from which because since
as
tata: its
correlative