accent Nominal verb
forms
participles when
compounded with prepositions retain
accents
present and
perfect participles
apa-gam go away
apa-gacchant
apa-gacchamāna
apa-jaganvāms
apa-jagmāna
preposition when
seperated from participle is
independent
pra śmaśru
dodhuvat shaking his
beard
apa dṛlhāni dardrat
bursting strongholds asunder
ā ca parā
ca pathibhis carantam
wandering hither and thither
on paths
madhu bibhrata upa bringing sweetness near
tanvanta ā rajaḥ extending through the air
preposition sometimes
accented just before
part.
abhi dakṣat burning around
vi
vidvān distinguishing vividvān vid
find
when 2
prepositions
sometimes compounded
and unaccented
vi-pra-yantaḥ advancing
pary-ā-vivṛtsan turning round
sometimes one
is compounded and
other independent-accented
abhi ā-carantīḥ approaching
ava-sṛjann upa tmanā
bestowing indeed
pra vayām
uj-jihānāḥ flying
up to a branch
participles in tar
usually root
kar-tar
making
but when
compounded suffix
ni-cetar
observer
past
passive participle usually suffix
gata gone
patita fallen
chinna cut of
chid
when compounded
with preposition prep.
usually accented
but
apa-krīta bought
ni-cita seen
niṣ-kṛta prepared
ni-ṣatta seated
ni-vāta uninjured
pra-jahita given up jah
hā leave
sam-hita variegated
when seperated
pari soma
siktaḥ poured O soma around
when 2 prepositions first
unaccented
apa-ā-vṛktāḥ removed
sam-ā-kṛtam accumulated
double preposition
when saperated
pra yat samudra ā-hitaḥ
when despatched forth
to the ocean
pari goghir ā-vṛtam
encompassed round by streams
of milk
gerundives ya
tya tva root
cakṣya to be seen
śrutya to be heard
carkṛtya to be praised
vaktva to be
said
āyya enya
anīya penultimate
panāyya to be admired
when compounded
with prepositions unchanged
pari-cakṣya to be despised
upa-vākya to be addressed
infinitives
dative infinitive
from root
stem ending
dṛśe to see
but
when compounded root
sam-idhe to kindle
abhi-pra-cakṣe to see
stems in as
carase
to fare
but
cakṣase to see
stems
in i
ti suffix
dṛśaye to see
pītaye to drink
stems in tu
root
bhartave
stems in
tavā
gantavai
when tu tavā compounded
with preposition
pra-vantave to win
apa-bhartavai to be taken away
with 2
prepositions first independent
vi pra-sartave to spread
stems in dhyai
preceding a
iya-dhai to go
but
gama-dhai to go
stems in man
root
dāmane to give
stems in van
dāvane to give
turvaṇe to excel
accusative infinitive
from radical
stems
root
śubham to shine
when compounded
with preposition root
ā-sadam to sit down
stems
in tu root
dātum
to give
but preposition when compounded
pra-bhartum to present
anu pra-volhum to advance
ablative-genitive infinitive
if formed
from radical stems
with prepositions root
ava-pad-as from falling down
tu from
simple stem
gan-tos going
tu with
preposition
ni-dhā-tos putting down
locative
infinitive
from radical
stem accents ending
in the simple
form
buddh-i at the waking
but in
compounded form root
sam-dṛś-i on seeing
tar
dhar-tar-i to bestow
san
ne-ṣaṇ-i to lead
gerunds uncompounded tvī tvā
tvāya suffix
ga-tvī
having gone
bhū-tvā having
become
ga-tvāya having gone
compounded yā tyā root
sam-gṛbh-yā gathering
upa-śru-tya having overheard
adverbs frequently shifts
accent oftenest in
accusative neuter
drav-at quickly
but
drav-ant running
drah-yat stoutly
aparam later
aparam
ā-vyuṣ-am till dawn
vat
aǹgiras-vat like Aǹgiras
manuṣ-vat as Manus
did
purāṇa-vat
pūrva-vat
pratna-vat as of old
tara adv.
ut-taram higher
but adj.
ut-tara
accusative
ava-taram
paras-taram
parā-taram farther away
vi-taram more widely
sam-taram still farther
instrumental
divā by day
but
divā through heaven
dative
aparāya for the
future
but
aparāya to the later
ablative
apākāt from afar
apāka far
amāt from near
ama this
sanāt from of
old sana old