is aorist

Active Middle

īt iṣṭām iṣus iṣṭa iṣātām iṣata

īs iṣṭam iṣṭa iṣṭhās iśāthām idhvam

iṣam iṣva iṣma iṣi iṣvahi iṣmahi

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kram stride

akramīt akramiṣtām akramiṣur akramiṣṭa akramiṣātām akramiṣata

akramīs akramiṣṭam akramiṣṭas akramiṣthās akramiṣāthām akramiḍhvam

akramiṣam akramiṣva akramiṣma akramiṣi akramiṣvahi akramiṣmahi

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pū cleanse

apāvīt apāviṣṭām apāviṣur apaviṣṭa apaviṣātām apviṣata

apāvīs apāviṣṭam apāviṣṭa apaviṣṭhās apaviṣāthām apaviḍhvam

apāviṣam apāviṣva apāviṣma apaviṣi apaviṣvahi apaviṣmahi

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budh

abodhīt abodhiṣṭām abodhiṣur abodhiṣṭa abodhiṣātām abodhiṣata

abodhīs abodhiṣṭam abodhiṣṭa abodhiṣṭhās abodhiṣāthām abodhiḍhvam

abodhiṣam abodhiṣva abodhiṣma abodhiṣi abodhiṣvahi abodhiṣmahi

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śī to lie down

aśayiṣṭa aśayiṣātām aśayiṣata

aśayiṣṭhās aśayiṣāthām aśayidvam

aśyiṣi aśayiṣvahi aśayiṣmahi

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rules

active

finals vṛddhi

medial i u ṛ guna

“ a ā or a

middle

finals and medials guna

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endings

as ṣ kṣ s ǹs nd l v rv th ambiguous

these prefer the disjunctive i jīv live ajīviṣam

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medial a = ā

vad speak avādiṣam

mad revel amādiṣam

car move acāriṣam

vraj go avrājiṣam

jval blaze ajvāliṣam

but a = a

dal split adaliṣam

vadh kill avadhiṣam

vaś will avaśiṣam

gras devour agrasiṣam

kram step akramiṣam

grah grip agrahiṣa

heavy vowel remains same

jīv live ajīviṣam

nind revile anindiṣam

hiǹs hurt ahiǹsiṣam

but

dīv play adeviṣam

vṛddhi is due to augment

aś eat āśiṣam

iṣ send āiṣiṣam

ujjh forsake āujjhiṣam

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final vowel

smi smile asmayiṣi

śī lie aśayiṣi

pū cleanse apāviṣam apaviṣi

bhṛ bear abhāriṣam

( medial vowel )

vid know avediṣam

vip tremble avepiṣi

ruc shine arociṣi

budh wake abodhiṣam abodhiṣi

vṛṣ rain avarṣiṣam

vṛdh grow avardhiṣi

kṛt cut akartiṣam

nṛt dance anartiṣam

vad speak avādiṣam avadiṣi

mad revel amādiṣam

gras eat agrasiṣam

grah grip agrahiṣam

vyath waver avyathiṣi

kram step akramiṣam

yāc ask ayāciṣam

bhāṣ speak abhāṣiṣi

aǹs laud aśaǹsiṣam

hiǹs hurt ahiǹsiṣam